2x2 Ribbing
wider knit and purl columns than 1x1 rib, stretchy with more pronounced vertical channels, common on sweater hems
2x2 ribbing alternates two knit stitches with two purl stitches across a row, so the fabric organizes itself into vertical channels two stitches wide. It is the rib most sweater patterns reach for at the hem and cuff: wider columns than 1x1 rib, deeper valleys, and a heavier, more elastic band that holds its shape through repeated wear.
How it is built
You work it over a multiple of 4 stitches: knit 2, purl 2, and repeat to the end of the row. On the return row you read the fabric, knitting the stitches that present as knits and purling the ones that present as purls, which keeps each column stacked in the same direction. The knit columns push forward and the purl columns recede, and because each column is two stitches wide rather than one, the ridges sit further apart than in 1x1 rib.
If your stitch count is a multiple of 4, the pattern lines up flush at both edges. Many sweater patterns instead use a multiple of 4 plus 2 so the rib is symmetric, opening and closing on the same 2-knit column at each side.
What the fabric does
The purl columns collapse behind the knit columns, so the fabric pulls in widthwise and springs back when stretched. 2x2 rib is stretchier and springier than 1x1, with more visible channels and a bit more bulk. That elasticity is the whole point of a cuff: it opens over a hand or a head and draws back to grip the wrist or hold the brim in place.
It is reversible. Both faces show the same column of knits and purls, so there is no wrong side, which makes it a natural choice for scarves and anything seen from both directions. It lies flat without curling, unlike stockinette, so you can use it as an edging that will not roll.
What to use it for
Reach for 2x2 rib on sweater hems, sleeve cuffs, and hat brims, anywhere you want a stretchy band that grips and recovers. It also works across a whole piece: cowls, scarves, and leg warmers hold their shape and stay reversible. Because the columns are wider than 1x1, it reads as a bolder texture, so it doubles as a plain-but-not-boring stitch for a full scarf when you want structure without a chart.
What is the difference between 1x1 and 2x2 rib?
1x1 rib alternates single knit and purl stitches for a fine, tight rib. 2x2 rib uses columns two stitches wide, giving deeper channels, more visible texture, more stretch, and slightly more bulk. 2x2 is the more common choice for sweater hems.
How many stitches do I cast on for 2x2 rib?
A multiple of 4 for a rib that ends flush, or a multiple of 4 plus 2 if you want it symmetric with a 2-knit column at each edge.
Does 2x2 rib curl?
No. Like other ribs it lies flat and does not curl, which is why it works as an edging where stockinette would roll.